Repeated retrieval, not repeated study, builds durable memory

Correct: B — Repeatedly retrieving items already recalled correctly

Across foreign-language vocabulary learning, Karpicke and Roediger (2008) showed that the act of successful retrieval — not additional study — was the engine of long-term retention. Items dropped from further retrieval practice once correctly recalled were forgotten at a much higher rate than items that continued to be retrieved. Items dropped from restudy after recall, in contrast, were retained almost as well as items still being restudied. The work refocused educational research on the act of retrieval as the critical event for memory consolidation, not the time spent re-viewing material.