Recalling a memory briefly makes it editable

Correct: C — Long after conditioning, immediately after the memory was reactivated by a reminder

Nader, Schafe, and LeDoux (2000) demonstrated reconsolidation: a previously stable, long-stored fear memory became transiently labile when reactivated by a reminder cue, and a protein-synthesis inhibitor (anisomycin) infused into the lateral amygdala during this reactivation window erased the memory. Without reactivation, the same drug had no effect — old memories sat sealed. This finding overturned the classical view that consolidation happens once. Each act of remembering re-opens a brief synthesis-dependent window in which the trace can be modified, strengthened, or weakened — with implications for both PTSD treatment and theories of how we update beliefs.